RESUMO
Background: Along with tobacco use, alcohol consumption is one of the crucial factors for oral cancer. Acetaldehyde (ACH), a byproduct of alcohol, is reported as carcinogenic. One of the producers of ACH from alcohol is Candida species. The aim of the study was to quantify the ACH produced by Candida species at various concentrations of alcohol. Materials and Methods: Clinical isolates of Candida, namely Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis and C. albicans ATCC 18,804, were subjected to various concentrations of alcohol. Alcohol dehydrogenase and ACH were estimated using spectrophotometry and headspace gas chromatography, respectively. Results: Out of all three clinical isolates, C. tropicalis produced more ACH (412.1 µM) at 10 mM alcohol concentration by 105colony-forming unit/ml followed by C. albicans (233 µM) and C. krusei (53.7 µM). C. albicans of clinical isolate and ATCC species (222 µM) did not show much difference. Conclusion: The study results conclude that Candida species are capable of producing carcinogenic levels of ACH on exposure to various concentrations of alcohol.
RESUMO
Aquaporins (AQP) are the membrane proteins involved in the transport of water and some neutral solutes. Thirteen types of AQP are identified in various human tissues. The expression of AQP's has been studied in various tumors among one is oral cancer. These molecules are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. AQP target inhibitors act directly or indirectly through focal adhesion kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and shown promising results along with anti-cancer drugs. However, further researches were required to verify the efficiency and safety of these AQPs-target inhibitors in clinical therapy.
Assuntos
Aquaporinas/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Proteína-Tirosina Quinases de Adesão Focal/genética , Humanos , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Metástase Neoplásica , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Água/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since petrol is combustible and smoking is banned at the petrol pumps, it may be predicted that use of smokeless tobacco is more prevalent among the petrol fillers. Also, smokeless tobacco is a major risk factor for developing oral potentially malignant disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the tobacco use, body mass index (BMI), and potentially malignant disorders among a cohort of petrol fillers and also to evaluate the interaction of tobacco use and BMI with the presence of potentially malignant disorders. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was conducted at 45 petrol stations located at Pimpri-Pune, India. A descriptive study design was used. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Four hundred and ten petrol fillers aged 17-64 years participated in the study. General information and tobacco history was obtained by interview. Height and weight were recorded to obtain BMI. Oral examination was conducted to identify the potentially malignant disorders. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test, Z test, and logistic regression were used. The level of significance was fixed at 5%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: It was found that 242 (59.02%) used tobacco in different forms. 77.68% were tobacco chewers, and 8.26% were smokers. Leukoplakia was prevalent among 68.47%, oral submucous fibrosis among 27.45%, and 5.08% had erythroplakia. Age (χ(2) = 11.46, P < 0.05), duration (χ(2) = 17.46, P < 0.05), and frequency of tobacco chewing (χ(2) = 14.16, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with potentially malignant disorders. Tobacco chewing was more prevalent as compared to smoking. It can be concluded that the petrol fillers are at a high risk for developing oral potentially malignant disorders.
